Lithium-Polymer vs. Nickel-Cadmium Batteries in Aviation

When it comes to aviation, battery safety is of the utmost importance due to the high stakes involved. Lithium-polymer batteries have generally replaced nickel-cadmium batteries in terms of safety, but how do these two technologies compare in terms of energy storage?

Energy Density

One of the most significant advantages of lithium-polymer batteries is their high energy density. According to Battery University, lithium-polymer batteries have a specific energy density of 150-200 Wh/kg, while nickel-cadmium batteries have a specific energy density of only 50-60 Wh/kg. In simpler terms, lithium-polymer batteries can store more energy in a smaller space than nickel-cadmium batteries.

Cycle Life

Cycle life refers to the number of charge/discharge cycles a battery can go through before its capacity drops below its original rating. On average, lithium-polymer batteries can last around 200-500 cycles, while nickel-cadmium batteries can last up to 2000 cycles.

Maintenance Requirements

Nickel-cadmium batteries require periodic maintenance to prevent them from developing a memory effect. This occurs when the battery is undercharged repeatedly, leading to a reduction in capacity. Lithium-polymer batteries, on the other hand, do not suffer from a memory effect and require less maintenance than nickel-cadmium batteries.

Self-Discharge Rate

Another important factor to consider is the self-discharge rate of the batteries. Lithium-polymer batteries lose around 5% of their charge per month, while nickel-cadmium batteries lose around 20% per month. This means that lithium-polymer batteries can be stored for longer periods before losing their charge.

Conclusion

While nickel-cadmium batteries still have their uses in certain aviation applications, lithium-polymer batteries are generally considered safer and more efficient when it comes to storing energy. Their higher energy density and lower maintenance requirements make them ideal for aviation, where weight and safety are critical factors.

If you're considering switching to lithium-polymer batteries for your aviation needs, make sure to consult with a professional to determine if they are the right solution for your specific requirements.

References

Battery University. (n.d.). Nickel-based batteries information. Retrieved March 18, 2022, from https://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/types_of_nickel_batteries

Battery University. (n.d.). Lithium-ion battery basics. Retrieved March 18, 2022, from https://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/lithium_polymer_battery_faq